DSpace コレクション: CCES Discussion Paper Series

Ethnicity and Income in China: The Case of Ningxia

Title: Ethnicity and Income in China: The Case of Ningxia

Authors: Sato, Hiroshi; Ding, Sai

Using a 2006 household survey from the Ningxia Hui autonomous region in China, this paper examines two aspects of the correlation between ethnicity and income: namely, differences in the returns to human capital and the effects of ethnicity- and religion-related social capital. The findings indicate ethnic disparity in the returns to human capital across rural and urban areas. In rural areas, the returns to human capital for the Hui workforce differ according to the place of economic activity (i.e. local employment or migration), whereas no ethnic disparity is found for the urban workforce. We also find that ethnicity- and religion-related social capital plays a significant role among the Hui in rural areas where the level of interethnic social interactions is lower. We use this to suggest that Muslim-oriented attitudes toward trust in social networks of rural Hui households positively and interactively affect income through ethnically open trust attitudes.

Environmental Management Policy under International Carbon Leakage

Title: Environmental Management Policy under International Carbon Leakage

Authors: Kiyono, Kazuharu; Ishikawa, Jota

This paper studies environmental management policy when two fossil-fuel-consuming countries non-cooperatively regulate greenhouse- gas emissions through emission taxes or quotas. The presence of carbon leakage caused by fuel-price changes a.ects the tax-quota equivalence. We explore each country.s incentive to choose an environment regula- tion instrument within a framework of a two-stage policy choice game and .nd subgame-perfect Nash equilibria. This sheds a new light on the question of why adopted policy instruments could be di.erent among countries. We also analyze the welfare e.ect of creating an interna- tional market for emission permits. International trade in emission permits may not bene.t the fuel-consuming countries.

Exploitation and Profits: A General Axiomatic Approach in Convex Economies with Heterogeneous Agents

Title: Exploitation and Profits: A General Axiomatic Approach in Convex Economies with Heterogeneous Agents

Authors: Veneziani, Roberto; Yoshihara, Naoki

This paper provides an innovative axiomatic analysis of the notion of exploitation as the unequal exchange of labour. General convex economies with heterogeneous agents endowed with unequal amounts of physical and human capital are considered. An axiomatic characterisation of the class of definitions that satisfy a weak domain condition and the profit-exploitation correspondence principle (PECP) is derived. It is shown that none of the main received definitions preserves the PECP. Instead, a novel definition is presented which satisfies the PECP and allows one to generalise a number of key insights of exploitation theory to complex advanced economies.

Partially-honest Nash implementation: Characterization results

Title: Partially-honest Nash implementation: Characterization results

Authors: Lombardi, Michele; Yoshihara, Naoki

This paper studies implementation problems in the wake of a recent trend of implementation of non-consequentialist nature, which draws on the evidence taken from experimental and behavioral economics. Specifically, following the seminal works by Matsushima (2008) and Dutta and Sen (2009), the paper considers implementation problems with partially-honest agents, which presume that there is at least one individual in society who concerns herself with not only outcomes but also honest behavior at least in a limited manner. Given this setting, the paper provides a general characterization of Nash implementation with partially-honest individuals. It also provides the necessary and sufficient condition for Nash implementation with partially-honest individuals by mechanisms with some types of strategy-space reductions. As a consequence, it shows that in contrast to the case of the standard framework, the equivalence between Nash implementation and Nash implementation with strategy space reduction no longer holds.